What is verb tense?

There are three main tenses: present, past and future.

These sentences are written in the present tense:

• I walk into the monster's cave.
• I am walking into the monster's cave.

The present tense is made up of simple present / present simple (actions which happen regularly), present continuous / present progressive (actions which are taking place now) and present perfect (actions which are now completed).

These are examples of sentences written in the past tense:

• I walked into the monster's cave.
• I was walking into the monster's cave.

When a child is writing a story, they need to make sure that whether it is written in the past or present tense, the tense is kept consistent throughout.

Children learn a lot about verb tenses through listening, speaking and reading. One way a teacher might help a child with their tenses is to underline verbs that need to be changed so that a story they have written has a consistent tense throughout, for example:

I woke up on a sunny morning and ran excitedly into the kitchen. My mum was making me pancakes, my favourite! She laid a pancake on my plate and I picked up the maple syrup and squeezed this all over the top. I roll up the pancake and stuff it in my mouth: it is delicious!

Here a child would be expected to read through the start of the story and think about which tense the story was written in. They would then need to change these underlined verbs to 'rolled', 'stuffed' and 'was' to keep the story consistently in the past tense.

Children will be reminded about tenses when they write fiction and non-fiction texts.

When they write a fiction text, they will need to remember to keep the tense consistent (that is, if they start writing in the past tense they need to stick to that throughout the story).

When writing non-fiction texts, they need to remember to keep to the tense shown in the texts they have studied.

• Present tense would usually be used for instructions, information texts, reports and explanations.
• Past tense would usually be used for recounts, biographies and autobiographies.
• Persuasive writing, journalistic writing and argument texts could be a mix of tenses (for example: an argument text might give an argument in the present tense, backed up by a fact in the past tense).